Wordorigins.org

Rhenium, element 75, is named for the Rhineland region of Germany. Rhenus is the Latin name for the river Rhine. The element was discovered in 1925 by German chemists Walter Noddack, Ida Tacke, and Otto Berg. From the Glasgow Herald of 16 June 1925:

These new elements have been named by their discoverers “Masurium,” after the Masurian Lake region, and “Rhenium,” after the Rhineland.¹

(Masurium is an early name for the element now known as technetium.)

The chemical symbol for rhenium is Re.

¹Oxford English Dictionary, rhenium, 2nd Edition, 1989, Oxford University Press, accessed 1 November 2009, http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50205903.

Tungsten, element 74, was identified as a distinct element in 1783 by Spanish Basque brothers and chemists Juan José and Fausto Elhuyar. The name, however, is older, being used to refer to the ore in which the element is found. The word tungsten is a borrowing from Swedish, where it is a compound of tung (heavy) + sten (stone). Its English use dates to at least 1770.¹

John McWhorter contemplates whether language death is really all that bad a thing.

He very much reflects my opinion on the matter. While the loss of languages is a definite blow to linguistic research and understanding, socially its effects may actually be beneficial to the isolated speakers of the rare tongues that are dying. And besides, it is happening whether we like it or not and there seems to be very little we can do about it except record as much of the dying languages as we can before they are gone.

OUP has put out a couple of videos of Ammon Shea, author of Reading the OED: One Man, One Year, 21730 Pages, commenting on the new Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary. First up, Love, Pregnancy, and Venereal Disease:

And then, comments on how the thesaurus is organized and how one can encounter some rare treasures in its pages:

Hat tip to the OUP Blog.

(Disclosure: Oxford University Press is the publisher of my book, Word Myths: Debunking Linguistic Urban Legends. Additionally, if you click through the links and make a purchase, I receive a very small referral payment from Amazon.com.)

Tantalum, element 73, is named for Tantalus, the mythical king of the Phrygians, who, for his sins, was condemned to eternally suffer thirst and hunger in Hades by being made to stand in a pool of water that receded when he stooped to drink and with a branch of fruit hanging over him that rose higher when he reached for it. The verb tantalize also comes from his name.

The element was discovered by Swedish chemist Anders Ekberg in 1802. Ekberg explains his naming here, a translation of what he wrote in Kongliga Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar in that year:

This new recruit among the metals I call TANTALUM, partly following the custom which favours names from Mythology, partly in allusion to its incapacity, when immersed in acid, to absorb any and be saturated.¹

The name starts appearing in English scientific literature shortly after its discovery.

The chemical symbol for tantalum is Ta.

¹Oxford English Dictionary, tantalum, 2nd Edition, 1989, Oxford University Press, accessed 29 October 2009, http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50246880. 

Oxford University Press has just published the Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary. I haven’t seen it and this is not a review, but given OUP’s track record with such reference works, it would be surprising if it were anything but an invaluable reference. At $400, though, it’s not for everyone, but taking a gander at it the next time you’re in your local library will certainly be worthwhile.

The OUP Blog has some fun facts about the HTOED.

And OUP-US is running a contest in which a copy of the HTOED is one of the prizes.

(Disclosure: Oxford University Press is the publisher of my book, Word Myths: Debunking Linguistic Urban Legends. Additionally, if you click through the links and make a purchase, I receive a very small referral payment from Amazon.com.)

Hafnium, element 72, was discovered by Danish physicist Dirk Coster and and Hungarian physicist Georg von Hevesy in 1922. The pair named the element after the city of Copenhagen. Hafnia is a modern Latin name for the city, formed from the Danish havn, or harbor. They wrote in the 20 January 1923 issue of Nature:

For the new element we propose the name Hafnium (Hafniae = Copenhagen).¹

Hafnium has the chemical symbol Hf.

In 1911 French chemist Georges Urbain claimed to have discovered element 72, a claim that was later proven wrong. Urbain named his discovery after the Celts. Urbain wrote in the Journal of the Chemical Society in that year:

The name celtium is given to the corresponding element, and the symbol Ct assigned to it.²

¹Oxford English Dictionary, hafnium, 2nd Edition, 1989, Oxford University Press, accessed 28 October 2009, http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50101316.

²Oxford English Dictionary, celtium, 2nd Edition, 1989, Oxford University Press, accessed 28 October 2009, http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50035436. 

Lutetium, element 71, was independently discovered by three different researchers in 1907: French chemist Georges Urbain, Austrian scientist Carl Auer von Welsbach, and American chemist Charles James. Urbain was granted priority in the question over who discovered it first, and his name, lutetium, was selected as the official one. Although von Welsbach’s name, cassiopeium, after the constellation Cassiopeia, is found in some of the older chemical literature.¹

The element’s name comes from the Latin name for the city that was on the site of what is now Paris, Lutecia.²

Lutetium has the chemical symbol Lu.

¹Oxford English Dictionary, cassiopeium, 2nd Edition, 1989, Oxford University Press, accessed 26 October 2009, http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50034166.

²Oxford English Dictionary, lutetium, 2nd Edition, 1989, Oxford University Press, accessed 26 October 2009, http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50137135.

Ytterbium, element 70, is yet another element named after the mining village of Ytterby, Sweden. The metal was discovered and named in 1878 by Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac.¹ Ytterbium has the chemical symbol Yb.

The other elements named after Ytterby are yttrium, erbium, and terbium.

¹Oxford English Dictionary, ytterbite, 2nd Edition, 1989, Oxford University Press, accessed 25 October 2009, http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50290659. 

Thulium, element 69, is yet another example of an element named after someplace in Scandinavia, or in this case, Scandinavia itself. The element was discovered in 1879 by Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve, who dubbed it thulium, after his native land; from the 12 September 1879 issue of Chemical News and Journal of Physical Science:

For the radical of the oxide placed between ytterbia and erbia [...] I propose the name of Thullium [sic], derived from Thulé, the ancient name of Scandinavia.¹