Wordorigins.org

The phrase to put the kibosh on means to quash, to put a stop to; the origin of kibosh is unknown. It has been suggested by some that it is from Yiddish, but there is no evidence to support this contention.

The earliest known use is from Dickens’s 1836 Sketches by Boz:

“Hoo-roar," ejaculates a pot-boy in a parenthesis, “put the kye-bosk [sic] on her, Mary.”

The -sk ending here is intended to represent Cockney pronunciation.

(Sources: Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Edition; Historical Dictionary of American Slang)